####### README ####### The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC), version 2025 (ODIAC2025) !!! PLEASE READ OUR DATA POLICY (https://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/data_policy.html) !!! 1) ODIAC2025 The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) is a global high-resolution fossil fuel CO2 emission (ffco2) data product (Oda and Maksyutov, 2011; Oda et al., 2018). The year 2025 version of ODIAC (ODIAC2025, 2000-2024) is based on the latest country ffco2 estimates (2000-2022) made using UN Energy Database following the “CDIAC” methodology (Gilfillan et al. 2021). Cement production CO2 estimates are based on CDIAC and USGS data. The emission spatial disaggregation was done using multiple spatial proxy data, such as geographical location of point sources, satellite observations of nightlights, and aircraft and ship fleet tracks. The emissions seasonality was taken from the CDIAC monthly gridded data product (Andres et al. 2011) and supplemented using the Carbon Monitor product (2020-, https://carbonmonitor.org/). The year 2022 CDIAC country-level estimates were projected for the recent years (2023 and 2024) using fuel consumption data reported by the latest 2025 statistical review of world energy published by the Energy Institute(https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review). The ODIAC approach, methodology, and etc. are described in Oda et al. (2018) ESSD. 2) Data format and unit The ODIAC emission data product is provided in two spatial resolutions: 1x1 km and 1x1 degree. The 1x1 km ODIAC emission data files are provided in GeoTIFF format (https://trac.osgeo.org/geotiff/). Values are provided in the unit of tonne carbon/cell (monthly total). Note the 1x1 km ODIAC emission files only include emissions over land regions. Emissions from international aviation and marine bunker are NOT included. The 1x1 degree ODIAC emission data files are provided in netCDF format (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/). Values are provided in the unit of gram carbon/m2/day (monthly mean). 3) Global scaling factor We applied a global scaling factor to match the sum of country total emissions to the CDIAC global total emissions. Below is the list of the global scaling factors used in the production of ODIAC2025. See more in the section 3.1 and the table A2 in Oda et al. (2018) ESSD. Global total Year ffco2 in PgC Scaling factor 2000 6.792 1.0074 2001 6.847 1.0098 2002 7.019 1.0114 2003 7.413 1.0164 2004 7.685 1.0148 2005 7.994 1.0209 2006 8.233 1.0168 2007 8.468 1.0165 2008 8.663 1.0146 2009 8.531 1.0135 2010 8.997 1.0151 2011 9.284 1.0110 2012 9.485 1.0181 2013 9.574 1.0248 2014 9.607 1.0236 2015 9.629 1.0249 2016 9.705 1.0300 2017 9.836 1.0253 2018 10.090 1.0292 2019 10.149 1.0251 2020 9.731 1.0373 2021 10.182 1.0249 2022 10.433 1.0266 2023 10.698 2024 10.846 3) References Andres, R.J., Gregg, J.S., Losey, L., Marland, G. and Boden, T. 2011. Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus, 63 (3), 309-327, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00530.x Energy Institute, 2025. The 2025 Statistical Review of World Energy, https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review (last assess date: 06/01/25) Gilfillan, D. and Marland, G. 2021. CDIAC-FF: global and national CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture: 1751-2017, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1667-1680, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1667-2021, 2021 Oda, T. and Maksyutov, S. 2011. A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO2 emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543-556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-543-2011. Oda, T., Maksyutov, S., and Andres, R. J. 2018. The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2, version 2016 (ODIAC2016): a global monthly fossil fuel CO2 gridded emissions data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 87-107, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-87-2018. 4) Contact The ODIAC team (help at odiac.org) Dr. Shamil Maksyutov (NIES contact point) The Satellite Observation Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Dr. Tomohiro Oda (Project lead) The Earth from Space Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Washington D.C, USA. NOTE: Data users are encouraged to report possible errors in the data product. However, we will NOT respond to requests solely for technical assistance on the data use. 5) Acknowledgement TO is supported by NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) program. UPDATED ON JUN05, 2026