Hitoshi Mukai

Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER),

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

NIES

Email: cgerdb_admin(at)nies.go.jp

Elevation: 10 m;

Sampling height: 37 m above ground;

Altitude: 47m

Air is sampled at a height of 37 m above ground by a sampling inlet mounted on a steel monitoring tower through a stainless tube to a ground-based observation room using a diaphragm pump. The sampled air is led into a measuring line where it goes through primary dehumidification at -45 °C and secondary dehumidification at -70 °C, after which the mixing ratios are determined using a measuring equipment (NDIR).

Every 3 hours, 4 cylinders of standard gases are measured and the CO₂ mixing ratios are calibrated. Calibration of the standard gases is carried out using the NIES09 standard gas series developed by NIES.

Please refer to the webpage "Monitoring at ground-based stations (Hateruma Island, Cape Ochiishi)" for pictures of the measuring equipment.

First, CO₂ mixing ratio values measured at 1-second intervals are averaged over 5 seconds, and then 12 such 5-second averages are averaged to produce an average mixing ratio value over a 1-minute period. The hourly values are then calculated by averaging all the 1-minute values in that hour.

The calibrated CO₂ mixing ratio values are the time-weighted average values calculated from the calibration curve right before and after the measurements.

[GCMD_Platform]

In Situ Land-based Platforms > GROUND STATIONS

[GCMD_Science]

Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon and Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide

[Free keywords]

Greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO₂), global warming, Hateruma, continuous observations, infrared analyzer

[2023/06/30]

A new data set for the period between November 2022 and December 2022 has been added. Ver.1.5.

[2023/02/08]

A new data set of the period between October 2020 and October 2022 has been added. Supplementary dataset Ver.1.4 is identical to the previous version (Ver.1.2). Ver. 1.4.

[2021/11/09]

A new data set of the CO₂ measured by for the NDIR for the period between May 2020 and September 2021 has been added. Supplementary dataset Ver.1.3 is identical to the previous version (Ver.1.2). Ver. 1.3.

[2020/10/09]

A new data set for the period between January 2014 and April 24, 2020 has been added. Since the CO₂ data weren't often obtained due to the malfunction of the NDIR after December 2019, the CO₂ data after December 2019 measured by a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzer have been added as a supplementary data set. Ver.1.2.

[2016/09/01]

A new data set for the period between January 2011 and December 2013 has been added. The data between January 2008 and December 2013 have been corrected for biases. (The biases are arisen from a decrease in mixing ratios due to the use of copper pipes in the measurement equipment. The correction has been made using a function based on the difference with respect to the time series from bottled samples). The Conditions and Terms of Use have been revised as well. Ver.1.1.

[2013/07/26]

The data from 1993 to 2010 have been compiled in NASA Ames Format 1001. Ver.1.0.

Hitoshi Mukai

CGER, NIES

http://www.nies.go.jp/researchers-e/100239.html

Hitoshi Mukai

CGER, NIES

http://www.nies.go.jp/researchers-e/100239.html

Shigeru Hashimoto (*1), Keiichi Katsumata (*1), Toshinobu Machida (*1), Noritsugu Tsuda (*2)

(*1) CGER, NIES

(*2) Global Environmental Forum

• HAT.CO2.CRDS.Hourly.201912-202003.ver1.3.txt

• Zeng, JY, Nakajima, H., Matsunaga, T., Mukai, H., Hiraki, K., Yokota, Y. (2012), Linking Carbon Dioxide Variability at Hateruma Station to East Asia Emissions by Bayesian Inversion, Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere (edited by Lin, J., Brunner, D., Gerbig, C., Stohl, A., Luhar, A., Webley, P.), Geophysical Monograph Series, 200, 163-172, doi:10.1029/2012GM001245.
• Tohjima, Y., Mukai, H., Hashimoto, S., Patra, PK. (2010), Increasing synoptic scale variability in atmospheric CO₂ at Hateruma Island associated with increasing East-Asian emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 453-462, doi:10.5194/acp-10-453-2010.
• Mukai, H., Katsumoto, M., Ide, R., Machida, T., Fujinuma, Y., Nojiri,Y., Inagaki, M., Oda, N., Watai, T. (2001), Characterization of atmospheric CO₂ observed at two-background air monitoring stations (Hateruma and Ochi-ishi) in Japan, Sixth International Carbon Dioxide Conference Extend Abstract, 1, 108-111, Organizing Committee of Sixth International Carbon Dioxide Conference, Sendai, Japan.

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Mukai et al. (2014), Continuous observational data of atmospheric CO₂ mixing ratios on Hateruma Island, Ver. x.x (*1), Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, DOI:10.17595/20160901.001. (Reference date: YYYY/MM/DD)(*2)

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