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Data Set Citation:
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When using this data, please cite the data package:
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Sugimoto A , Maximov T , , Suzuki R , Nagai S , Kobayashi H , Tei S , Takano S , and Shakhmatov R.
Photographic records of plant phenology and spring river flush timing in a river lowland ecosystem at the taiga–tundra boundary, north-eastern Siberia
ERDP-2020-02.1.3
(https://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2020-02.1.3/jalter-en)
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| General Information: |
| Title: | Photographic records of plant phenology and spring river flush timing in a river lowland ecosystem at the taiga–tundra boundary, north-eastern Siberia |
| Identifier: | ERDP-2020-02.1.3 |
| Abstract: |
Arctic terrestrial ecosystems near the treeline in river lowlands are vulnerable to the changing climate and seasonal extreme events, including flooding. We set up a simple camera monitoring system to record the timings and durations of the leafy period and the spring flush of river water at three observation sites (Boydom [B]: 70.64°N, 148.15°E; Kodac [K]:70.56°N, 148.26°E; Verkhny-Khatistakh [VK]:70.25°N,147.47°E) in the Indigirka lowland, in north-eastern Siberia. Time-lapse digital cameras were located at seven points across the three sites. The time intervals were 1–4 or 24 hours. The minimum and maximum monitoring periods were 2-years (July-2016 to August-2018) at B and 5-years (August-2013 to July-2018) at K. One camera documented the timings of river ice melt and open water periods from the riverbank of the Kryvaya River, one of the small tributaries of the Indigirka River. The other six cameras recorded several types of ground cover typical of the area, including larch trees (Larix cajanderi), shrubs (including Salix spp., and Betula nana), forbs, mosses, and graminoids in an ecosystem of sparsely forested shrublands, wetlands, and riversides. The data consists of 45,617 JPEG-format images. This dataset can be used to detect the onset and offset of the growing season and to capture the ice melt timing and water cover periods in wetlands and riversides. It may be useful in validating satellite data such as the vegetation remote sensing index for remote and little-known areas. These data may contribute to the study of the role of high-latitude ecosystems in global climate changes.
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| Keywords: |
- Tundra
- Digital camera
- Wetland
- Ground-truth
- Plant phenology
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Involved Parties
| Data Set Owners: |
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Individual: | Atsuko Sugimoto |
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Organization: | Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N21W11, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan |
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Email Address:
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Individual: | Trofim Maximov |
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Organization: | Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences |
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Address: |
| 41, Lenin Ave., |
| Yakutsk, The Republic of Sakha 677891 Russia |
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Individual: | Tomoki Morozumi |
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Organization: | Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N9W9, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan |
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Email Address:
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Individual: | Rikie Suzuki |
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Organization: | Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology |
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Address: |
| 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, |
| Yokohama, Kanagawa 060-0810 Japan |
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Individual: | Shin Nagai |
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Organization: | Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology |
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Address: |
| 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, |
| Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001 Japan |
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Individual: | Hideki Kobayashi |
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Organization: | Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology |
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Address: |
| 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, |
| Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-001 Japan |
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Individual: | Shunsuke Tei |
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Organization: | Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N21W11, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan |
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Individual: | Shinya Takano |
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Organization: | Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N21W11, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan |
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Individual: | Ruslan Shakhmatov |
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Organization: | Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N10W5, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan |
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| Data Set Contacts: |
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Individual: | Tomoki Morozumi |
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Organization: | Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N9W9, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan |
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Email Address:
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| Associated Parties: |
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Individual: | Tomoki Morozumi |
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Organization: | Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N9W9, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 Japan |
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Email Address:
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Individual: | Atsuko Sugimoto |
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Organization: | Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N21W11, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan |
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Email Address:
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Individual: | Rikie Suzuki |
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Organization: | Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology |
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Address: |
| 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, |
| Yokohama, Kanagawa 060-0810 Japan |
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Individual: | Shin Nagai |
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Organization: | Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology |
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Address: |
| 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, |
| Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001 Japan |
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Individual: | Hideki Kobayashi |
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Organization: | Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology |
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Address: |
| 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, |
| Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-001 Japan |
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Individual: | Shunsuke Tei |
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Organization: | Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N21W11, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan |
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Individual: | Shinya Takano |
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Organization: | Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N21W11, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan |
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Individual: | Ruslan Shakhmatov |
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Organization: | Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University |
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Address: |
| N10W5, |
| Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan |
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Individual: | Trofim Maximov |
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Organization: | Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences |
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Address: |
| 41, Lenin Ave., |
| Yakutsk, The Republic of Sakha 677891 Russia |
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Data Set Characteristics
Sampling, Processing and Quality Control Methods
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Step by Step Procedures
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| Step 1: |
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Description:
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A Study site
The study site was located in the Indigirka river lowland close to Chokurdakh (70.6°N 147.9°E), Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. A research collaboration between Hokkaido University and the Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPC SB RAS) began ecological and biogeochemical observation of the forested tundra in 2011, under the GRENE Arctic Research Project. The only tree species is Siberian larch (Larix cajanderi; syn L. gmelinii). The dominant shrubs are dwarf birch (Betula nana), alder (Alnus fruticosa; syn Deschekia fruticosa), and willows (Salix boganidensis, S. alaxensis, S. richardsonii, S. glauca, S. pulchra, etc.). In the local area (10 km scale), 60 vascular and 11 moss species grow. Sedge-dominant wetland is also the dominant land-cover type, covering more than 20% of the landscape. Larch tree density is less than 6% in the local area, with 341 trees ha-1 in the 100 × 100 m forested site (K) (Liang et al., 2014). The vegetation and dominant species at the site were described in detail in Morozumi et al., 2019b. Plant species in the view of the cameras are described in the Supporting Information, which was uploaded separately from this file.
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| Step 2: |
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Description:
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B Data recorded by time-lapse cameras
The photographic images were captured by low-cost commercial time-lapse cameras (GardenWatchCam, Brinno, Taipei, Taiwan). We used lithium AA batteries to keep the cameras running for more than a year under low-temperature conditions. The picture format was AVI at 1280 × 720 pixels. The cameras’ dark mode omitted images at night and during the polar-night season, although dark mode was turned off during a few observation periods. Each camera was set on a tree or an iron pole, and the view angles and the recorded image quality (e.g., lens haze) were sometimes unstable because of strong winds and low temperatures. Observation time stamps were automatically recorded in the footer of the image (e.g., GARDENWATCHCAM V.1.0 YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS). Machine time was recorded in fixed time offset (UTC+0900; YAKT from 2014 to 2019) for stable time stamp identifier of descriptive purposes, because local time in Chokurdakh had been changed from UTC+1200 (MAGT) to UTC+1100 (SRET) at 2014 during the observation periods. Therefore, shift of time zone in 2014 is ignorable for temporal analysis of the dataset. We considered that the error of time stamp was less than ±1 hour when we manually checked the time stamp of logger on GardenWatchCam in every summer in the field.
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| Step 3: |
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Description:
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C Data processing
The recorded data were reprocessed into a single JPEG format from the original AVI file format. The open-image software FFMPEG (FFmpeg Developers, 2016) was used to separate the movie files into a series of JPEG images. Program settings on FFMPEG were -q:v 1 and scale = 1280:1040 for quality image output. Output files were renamed as the recorded date and time for each image using a command prompt in Windows 10 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA). For the file names, recorded times were simplified to ignore minutes, and, therefore, the timestamp of the file name differed from the original sampling time within ±1 hour. The data files in klk2016 and klk2017 were modified to correct the incorrect time stamps on the image footer. The corrected time stamp was inserted as a graphic of upper 110-pixel width of the original image using Interactive Data Language (IDL) (Harris Geospatial Solutions, Boulder, Colorado). The correction time was obtained from the saved date and the start date recorded when the logger USB was connected to the PC in the field.
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Data Set Usage Rights
| This data set is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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