General Information: |
Title: | Bees and their floral visits in Sapporo in 1979 and 1989 |
Identifier: | ERDP-2020-01.1.1 |
Abstract: |
Bees are an important faunal group and function as pollinators for various flowering plants. The diversity and abundance of bees have decreased in some parts of the world, which has led to fears about habitat degradation and a pollination crisis worldwide. Therefore, establishing long-term monitoring systems and making past data available widely are important for understanding bees and their ecosystem function, and to enable evidence-based action for the conservation and restoration of bees and their ecosystem function. Decades ago, a group led by Shoichi F Sakagami established a systematic method of bee surveys and conducted surveys at multiple places in Japan. In Sapporo, intensive bee surveys involving sampling bees and recording the flowers that were visited by the bees from April to September were conducted systematically at the campus and Botanic Garden of Hokkaido University in 1979 and 1989. These involved sampling bees and recording the flowers that were visited by the bees from April to September. A total of 12,900 bee specimens were represented by Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Melittidae. Here, we have converted the information to digital data by archiving the data on the bee species and the plant species that the bees visited in 1979 and 1989 at two sites at Hokkaido University, in Sapporo, Japan.
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Keywords: |
- Andrenidae
- Anthophila
- Apidae
- Apiformes
- Apoidea
- Colletidae
- Halictidae
- Hymenoptera
- Megachilidae
- Melittidae
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Involved Parties
Data Set Owners: |
Individual: | Takeshi Matsumura |
Address: |
658-72 Sankucho, |
Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2745 Japan |
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Phone:
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Email Address:
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Individual: | Hisatomo Taki |
Organization: | Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute |
Address: |
1 Matsunosato, |
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan |
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Phone:
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Email Address:
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Data Set Contacts: |
Individual: | Takeshi Matsumura |
Address: |
658-72 Sankucho, |
Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2745 Japan |
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Phone:
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Email Address:
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Individual: | Hisatomo Taki |
Organization: | Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute |
Address: |
1 Matsunosato, |
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan |
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Phone:
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Email Address:
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Individual: | Shoko Nakamura |
Organization: | Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute |
Address: |
1 Matsunosato, |
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan |
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Phone:
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Email Address:
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Data Set Characteristics
Geographic Region: |
Geographic Description: | Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan |
Bounding Coordinates:
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West: | 141.19 degrees
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East: | 141.21 degrees
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North: | 43.06 degrees
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South: | 43.03 degrees
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Sampling, Processing and Quality Control Methods
Step by Step Procedures
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Step 1: |
Description:
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Study sites
Bees were sampled periodically at the university campus (UC) and Botanic Garden (BG) of Hokkaido University in Sapporo (43°03´N – 43°06´N, 141°19´E – 141°21´E). UC is located northwest of the Sapporo station and covers about 1.0 × 1.5 km square. University buildings have been added continuously since 1959. BG occupies 0.3 × 0.3 km square and is southwest of Sapporo station and south of UC. The garden opened in 1886 and includes remnant native plants, patches of non-native plants, and a collection of plants from Hokkaido and neighboring areas.
Sapporo has a population of nearly 2 million and is the largest city on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. With urbanization, Sapporo has been growing and expanding continuously. The original vegetation of the Sapporo area principally consisted of deciduous broad leaf forests. It has a humid continental climate, and the adult bee season typically runs from April to October.
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Step 2: |
Description:
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Samplings
Following the methods used in 1959 (Sakagami & Fukuda 1973), bees were sampled weekly from April to September, 1979 and 1989 for 4 or, rarely, 5 hours each week at both UC and BG. These hourly samplings (indicated as A, B, C, D, and E in the data file) were performed either continuously within 1 day or over 2 or, rarely, 3 days, mostly from 9:30 to 14:30 and, rarely, until 15:30, when the weather was fine and calm. During each of the hourly samplings, any wild bees discovered on any flower or in flight were captured without particular choice. The captured individuals were preserved separately according to the flower species visited. Care was taken to not stay too long at any particular spot. When one spot attracted numerous bees due to the presence of many flowers in bloom, as many specimens as possible were collected at one time, and then other places were checked, without waiting for further arrivals of other individuals. No samples were collected at the orchard within UC or at places where certain bee species have formed nest aggregations.
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Step 3: |
Description:
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Species identification
In this study, we tried to identify as many bee species as possible. The study using the data from 1959 named only 51 species, although 102 species were reported (Sakagami & Fukuda 1973). We confirmed most of the unidentified species from 1979 and 1989 this time. All bee species names followed Tadauchi and Murao (2014).
In addition to the bee information, we digitally recorded the names of the flowers visited by each bee specimen. The flower names were written on the labels of the specimens. Mostly Japanese or local names were used for flowering plants, and then these plant names were changed into scientific names following the YList (Yonekura & Kajita 2003) and the literature on plants published by BG (The Botanic Garden Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University 1979, 1981; The Hokkaido University Museum 2010). However, some specimens lacked flower names. In these cases, we entered “NA” for not available.
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Data Set Usage Rights
This dataset is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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